德恢復「師傅制」 保護產業
德國十多年前放寬勞動市場的管制，不過，現在德國包括貼瓷磚工人、風琴製作師、木製玩具製作師等工匠，都須取得師傅（Meister）資格，才能夠開始自己的事業。
英國衛報報導，德國國會12日投票通過恢復舊規定，要求12個領域的工人必須先取得師傅的資格才能開業，包括招牌工人、木質地板安裝工人、室內設計師和玻璃提煉師。
近年來，德國總理梅克爾的保守黨派基督教民主聯盟（CDU）及中間偏左的社會民主黨，都有回歸舊制的支持者。他們認為，恢復「師傅制」可以保證工作的品質，並且保護逐漸式微的產業。
Germany reinstates 'Meister' requirement for 12 trades
The rules had been relaxed in 2004 in a bid to create more businesses, but now anyone wanting to set up on their own will need to obtain high-grade qualifications in 12 trade sectors.
The German parliament on Thursday voted to reintroduce rules requiring those founding businesses in certain trade sectors to have gained the qualification of "Meister" or "master craftsperson."
The requirement had been relaxed for 53 of 94 recognized branches of trade under the Social Democrat-Green government of Chancellor Gerhard Schröder in 2004.
The move was made in an attempt to liven up industry by making it easier to create new businesses. The "Meister" requirement was kept for 41 trades where public safety was an issue.
Thursday's move reintroduces the "Meister" obligation for 12 trade sectors. Those affected include tilers, makers of wooden toys, coopers, signmakers, interior designers and organ builders.
Wooden toys will now have to come from 'Meister' companies
Keeping the quality
Conservative politicians and representatives of the trade sectors have long been petitioning for a reintroduction of the requirement, saying that Germany's reputation for fine quality was at stake.
The issue was included in the 2018 coalition agreement between the conservative CDU/CSU bloc of Chancellor Angela Merkel and the Social Democrats.
Critics of the requirement say that the "Meister" qualification is no true guarantee of quality and that Germany's current lack of craftspeople could be exacerbated, as many would be disqualified from founding businesses. They also say that customers will be forced to pay higher prices for services due to the higher status given by the "Meister" title.
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