Skip to main content

地震損害快速但重建不易

Pisco Earthquake: Four Years Later, Peruvian Refugees Receive Water And Power01/26/2012 6:54 pmLOS ANGELES -- Finally, more than four years since an 8.0-magnitude earthquake devastated the colonial port city of Pisco, Peru, refugees living in the nuevo pueblo that was born in the wake of the disaster are seeing the construction of central water and power.

Bureaucratic mangling over this 23-acre stretch of desert and the denounced mismanagement of international aid that flooded the country after the disaster has left an estimated 1,500 families in Alto El Molino in squalid living conditions.

"Look at how we have been living," says Andrés Gamero Mallma, 77. He points to a shack covered in tarp and says, "the majority live like this. What kind of security can you have like that?"

Gamero Mallma and his wife have lived in El Molino since the home they rented in Barrio la Alameda, Pisco was destroyed in the August 15, 2007, earthquake.

An estimated 37,000 families were left homeless following the disaster, and hardest hit Pisco province -- with 85% of buildings destroyed -- was the site of an exodus towards higher ground.

"Nobody came walking, everyone was running," says Farren Chirinos Simón, 45. "We came here because of the fear of a tsunami. There was a great need for housing and people didn’t have anywhere to live." Chirinos Simón lost family members and everything she owned in the quake. "We didn’t even have a cup or a plate. Everything was buried."

More than 500 people perished in the quake.

[El Molino] "is not the result of a plan to relocate people. It was improvised. Authorities did not direct them there," said Hector Chávez Saavedra, author of "The Pisco Earthquake: History of Pain and Hope," to The Huffington Post.

Over 6,000 residents have etched out an impromptu urban sprawl in the outskirts of Pisco fifteen minutes away, where many continue to work, buy their groceries, and send their children to school. Walking along the main road towards the center of this community, an oval roundabout where a main square is set to be built, signs of progress are beginning to show. Utility poles are being installed, and steep trenches and mounds of dirt weave around bungalows waiting for sewer pipes.

"Compared to how we were last year, we are doing much better," says Jaqueline Pilar Limaylla Gutiérrez, a longtime El Molino resident. "The [new] government has done a lot in only half a year, with Ollanta."

Too little, too late

In August, newly elected President Ollanta Humala stopped by El Molino as his first act as head of state. In front of crowds, he placed the first rock towards promised urban construction and "less talk and more action," saying, "We have only been in government for fifteen days, but we have come to tell you that re-building Pisco is a priority."

And according to Salomón Lerner Ghitis, the country's Prime Minister, government housing programs will give priority to the region.

But for the past four years, despite the unfulfilled government promises, residents of this refugee district have made do and go on with their lives with the few resources available to them. Homes made of grass mats, plastic sheeting and tarp initially meant to serve as temporary shelter have become permanently organized along makeshift streets.

Among the residents I spoke with, hardly any could contain their frustration at the slowness of Pisco’s re-construction efforts.

"The light and water that we use," says Gamero Mallma, "we paid to install that. With our own money. That hasn't been installed by the city council . And only now the government is installing [light and water]."

For years, Milagro Varverde, 25, has drawn her water from a communal spout that she and ten other families built at the end of their street. Some days the sink runs dry. And wooden utility poles contracted by a private electric company line her barrio.

Varverde was only recently able to replace the bamboo-woven shelter she shared with her husband, brother and two children with a wooden structure. She lost her home and all of her belongings on Calle Pedemonte, Pisco to the earthquake.

Asked if she received any aid prior, she said, "The only thing was a fabric tent. I know that a lot of countries have given aid, but almost nothing arrived here."

The Cuban Medical Brigades in Tupac Amaru Inca

One source of aid still available to Pisco and the other districts most affected by the quake are the medical services provided by Cuban doctors who first arrived in Pisco only days after the disaster struck.

But instead of staying in Pisco, they almost left to Chincha province, according to Tomás Andía Crisóstomo, Mayor of Tupac Amaru Inca. "The Cuban doctors were [in Pisco] for a year working in tents, and no one paid them any attention. So, we brought them here." With the help of the government of Spain, Andía’s district coordinated the reconstruction of the health center where the Cuban doctors continue to provide low-cost medical services.

"What happened in Pisco and in other places is that mayors didn't want help in re-building. What they wanted was money," explains Andia. "But not us. Unfortunately, corruption is an issue."

René Cornejo Díaz, the Minister of Housing, Construction and Sanitation conceded in December 2011 that the government organization responsible for managing donations, the Reconstruction Fund for the Southern Areas (FORSUR), would be eliminated, saying, "Clearly something is not functioning correctly and what is obvious is the issue of corruption," and "we will have a more effective focus on the work that needs to be done...in order that each minister is responsible of the task they are meant to carry out."

Following the quake, the United States donated over $3 million dollars in humanitarian funding.

Community in El Molino

Like many residents of El Molino, Gamero Mallma has become a vocal community advocate who has lobbied for formal recognition of the area to local and national government in order to receive services. He is the secretary for his local association, one of twelve associations that have been organized to address community issues in El Molino.

Soledad Rodríguez, 33, one of El Molino's first inhabitants, attributes improvements in living conditions to the community activism of residents.

Rodríguez has lived with her husband and five children in El Molino since the earthquake destroyed her home. She runs a vending shop by the main square.

Asked what she would like the government to do, she said, "What can they do? Nothing has changed."

Comments

Popular posts from this blog

台灣建築獎 PRIZE OF ARCHITECTURE

  土建築師打敗普立茲克獎大師 橫山書法館奪台灣建築獎 2022-11-03 01:22   聯合報 坐落於桃園大園、由新世代建築師潘天壹設計的橫山書法藝術館,奪得2022台灣建築獎首獎。圖/潘天壹建築師事務所提供 2022台灣 建築 獎昨公布得主。新世代建築師潘天壹設計的橫山書法藝術館奪得首獎。普立茲克獎得主庫哈斯與姚仁喜合作的北藝中心、普立茲克獎得主坂茂與石昭永合作的南美館,則與德光教會、巨大集團全球營運總部並列佳作。本土建築師打敗兩位普立茲克獎得主,評審形容,台灣建築獎得主潘天壹年紀雖輕,作品卻能同時展現「隽永中有淡淡驚喜」的兩種張力,為喧囂的時代帶來安定的力量,奪得今年建築獎首獎。 橫山書法館與埤塘為鄰,潘天壹以篆刻硯石為意象,將五個硯石內斂而分散地放置於埤塘旁,形成流動的書寫地景。評審認為本案利用東方的合院概念,塑造現代園林遊園式觀瞻,將書法的意境用建築表現。整體呈現安靜、平和、穩健,有驚奇但不吵雜,節奏疏密拿捏得宜。 評審團召集人劉培森指出,潘天壹將建築物拆散成尺度小的院落式組織,空間處理切合主題。他把內部空間的氛圍處理得非常好,讓人感到心靈的沉澱,節奏上又出現不同的層次。當訪客從外界進入內部,層次的處理非常精彩,感受水平空間的寧靜之時,看到天花板的結構,又能感受到趣味性。潘天壹年紀輕、卻有相當成熟的表現,「30年前覺得台灣建築水準差國際一大截,30年後覺得有許多年輕建築師慢慢冒出、令人欣喜。」 橫山書法藝術館從設計到完成花費四年。潘天壹透露,四年過程中「經歷很大的逆轉過程」,到現在都還覺得有一些「未完成」,希望透過獎項啟動學習和陪伴。他認為,建築作品並非完工之後便停止,「每個案子都是孩子、屬於這個地方、擁有自己的生命力」。迄今他每個月都會去看橫山書法館,「看地景如何陪伴民眾、繼續它的旅程」,也希望在建築的發展過程中,學習如何回應社會責任。 潘天壹是新世代建築師中,罕見從未出國留學的「土建築師」。問他心中的「台灣建築」是什麼?他形容是「只有在台灣才看得到的台灣建築」,從中可以找到社會、文化與產業脈動的浮現。他認為,台灣的大環境比較少談書法、台灣文化,因為資訊都是「和洋混合」的強勢文化衝擊,在這種衝擊之下,大家習慣浸泡在張力之中,失去對自己文化內在的表述。他認為,如果將台灣建築獎歷屆的建築師連起來,他們都在串連台灣的DNA,「只要串得下去...

都市脈絡 與 公共建築間的互動

  打造一座偉大的棒球場並非如此簡單:金鶯公園與台北大巨蛋 丁桀   25 Aug, 2022 金鶯公園與台北大巨蛋。 圖/美聯社、聯合報系資料照 本月初,巴爾的摩金鶯隊(Baltimore Orioles)於主場金鶯公園(Oriole Park at Camden Yards) 慶祝 這座廣受 媒體 讚譽的「復古經典式球場(Retro-classic Ball Park)」啟用滿三十週年。金鶯公園的啟用,不但改變1990年代後 美國 職業 棒球 場的設計概念,也讓運動一躍成為美國在談論市中心再生時的關鍵詞。金鶯公園作為美國都市再生的標竿案例,自然也受到美國其他城市,如克里夫蘭、亞特蘭大、聖地牙哥、匹茲堡等,仿效其棒球場設計與規劃模式。 看似只適合美國都市脈絡的規劃設計手法,竟也被台北挪用至 大巨蛋 一案選址合理性的理由。即便從尺度、歷史、文化、甚至是運動發展進程而言,巴爾的摩與台北是完全不同的城市。更何況,一座是營運三十年的金鶯球場,另一座是興建超過三十年的台北大巨蛋。兩座八竿子打不著邊的棒球場,如何在雙城扮演關鍵的發展角色呢? 本文選擇金鶯球場及台北大巨蛋的選址、規劃、設計三個面向,提供大家重新思考,所謂「永遠改變」棒球的棒球場,具體改變了什麼?這些改變對於都市發展是好是壞?對未來棒球場興建規劃的影響為何? 棒球場館選址:一成不變的政治遊戲 1980年代,巴爾的摩能在康登車場(Camden Yards)興建金鶯公園的主因有三。首先,曾任巴爾的摩市長(1971-1987)及馬里蘭州州長(1987-1995)的民主黨人威廉・雪弗(William Schaefer)為防止金鶯離開巴爾的摩,獲得馬里蘭州議會共255億美元支持(球場興建與土地取得費用)。 其次,康登車場雙球場計畫(金鶯公園與 M&T銀行球場 )共計約502億美元的計畫,能呼應1970年代規劃的內港主要計畫(Inner Harbor Master Plan)——一舉翻新市中心衰頹樣貌。其三,反對陣營雖獲得大眾支持,但公民投票的 連署 請求並未受到洲議會及法院青睞,反而大幅削弱反對陣營的聲音。 巴爾的摩金鶯隊(Baltimore Orioles)的主場金鶯公園。 圖/美聯社 同時期,台北市雖在1980年代左右就啟動評估在關渡或七號公園(現大安森林公園)興建一座五萬人座的室內體育場,但...

業界對抑制房價手段 的 反映

  不動產聯盟總會林正雄:高房價政府也是推手 應停止重稅 2023-01-16 22:02   經濟日報/  中華民國不動產聯盟總會理事長林正雄今(16)日指出,這波房價高漲主因惡性通膨所致,尤其政府重稅也是推手之一。他呼籲,政府要「解決缺工」、「停止重稅」等,才能促進房市發展健康化。中華民國不動產聯盟總會提供。 中華民國不動產聯盟總會理事長林正雄今(16)日指出,這波 房價 高漲主因惡性 通膨 所致,尤其政府重稅也是推手之一,政府接連打房只會讓台灣經濟出現破口。他呼籲,政府要「解決缺工」、「停止重稅」等才能促進房市發展健康化。 他指出,近年房價高漲係因通貨膨脹,使各項原物料大幅上漲,全國缺工已經不只是民間 營建業 的大問題,連政府的公共工程都面臨人力短缺的難解課題,尤其營建署在2020年發布的營造業經濟調查報告顯示,全國營建業已缺工近12萬人,2022年以來,營建業的缺工的數字更是呈倍數成長。 他表示,營建業缺工問題亦使工資不斷墊高,在工料雙漲情況下,業者只能反映成本,這也是目前房價居高不下的原因;然而營造物價高漲是國際貿易問題,不易緩解,但「缺工」問題,政府可以透過制度適度鬆綁,修正外籍移工引進規定來解決,如此才能根本解決高房價問題,才是各黨能否獲得「執政」的關鍵! 另外,林正雄強調,政府歷次打房政策與金融限縮,以及大環境通膨,使得業者經營成本增加,諸多限制與稅制閉鎖期違反市場自然運作,連帶使消費者選擇減少。經過兩年多來的強力打房,民眾們應該要清醒了,政府以加徵重稅來打房,其實無助平抑房價,反而重重傷害了眾多相關從業人員的生計。 林正雄呼籲,政府要「解決缺工」、「停止重稅」,不要再以重稅打房,尊重市場機制,才是房市健康化的開始。