Skip to main content

Hits Banks With Sweeping Pay Limits

Hits Banks With Sweeping Pay Limits
Kenneth Feinberg, the U.S. Treasury Department's special master for compensation, at the National Association of Corporate Directors' Corporate Governance Conference on Tuesday.

In a one-two punch at the pay culture of banks and Wall Street firms blamed for the financial crisis, the U.S. government announced plans to aggressively regulate compensation at thousands of lenders and impose steep pay cuts at seven companies that received billions in federal aid.

While the moves had been anticipated for weeks, Thursday's separate announcements by the Federal Reserve and Treasury Department represent unprecedented federal intervention in pay decisions traditionally left to boards and shareholders.

President Barack Obama comments on Kenneth Feinberg's decision to limit executive pay at firms receiving government aid. He says while it's a step in the right direction, shareholders should have a say in how executives are compensated.
Related Articles

* Feinberg Navigated Conflicting Demands
* Plan Aims to Curb Dangerous Risks
* AIG Proposals Fail to Pass Muster
* U.S. Isn't Only Nation to Impose Restrictions
* BofA's Montag on Pay Czar's List
* ROI: Curbing Executive Pay, But Not the Perks

On the Blogs

* Randomly Noted: About the Curbs
* Wash Wire: Pay Moves Get Mixed Reaction
* Deal Journal: Who's Covered?

Opinion

* Our New Paymasters

Resources

* Compensation Determinations for Top TARP Recipients (Financial Stability)
* FAQ: Fed Answers Questions on Proposal
* CEO Pay Data | Complete Coverage

Journal Community

* Vote: Should the government limit executive pay at banks?

The crackdown is likely to influence how financial firms pay top executives, traders, loan officers and others whose actions could threaten the soundness of the institutions. Compensation experts said it would be hard for companies to escape the new oversight, though individuals could do so by jumping to hedge funds, private-equity funds and other financial firms beyond the reach of the new curbs.

The central bank moved to incorporate reviews of compensation into its routine regulatory process, a step that will affect large and small financial firms across the U.S. as well as American subsidiaries of non-U.S. financial companies. Some state regulators said they plan to issue similar requirements for state-regulated banks not covered by the Fed plan.

"I think it will make an important difference" because many banks have been reluctant to change their pay practices unilaterally out of competitive worries, said New York's banking superintendent, Richard Neiman.

As expected, Treasury official Kenneth Feinberg said cash salaries paid to the highest-earning executives at seven companies getting exceptional federal aid will be capped at $500,000, while the group's total pay level, annualized, will be 50% lower than a year before.

Some bankers and outside experts said Mr. Feinberg was overstating the extent of the cuts. Many bankers will continue to enjoy seven-figure pay packages, including one who will receive $9.9 million. Of the 136 employees whose pay Mr. Feinberg reviewed, 29 are on track to collect total 2009 pay of at least $5 million, according to documents released by Mr. Feinberg. And his calculations of 50% cuts in total pay for the top 25 at each firm from a year before depend partly on departures of certain highly paid employees.

The rulings will be effective for just November and December; employees won't have to repay salaries already received. But the rulings will become the starting point for next year's salary figures and until the companies repay their government aid.

To make sure firms follow the new rules, Mr. Feinberg imposed reporting requirements on top executives and directors. He said he hopes the standards "will be voluntarily picked up" throughout corporate America.
[average annual CEO total pay]

The rulings cover the highest-paid 25 employees at each of the seven heavily aided companies: Citigroup Inc., Bank of America Corp., American International Group Inc., General Motors Co., GMAC Inc., Chrysler Group LLC and Chrysler Financial.

Mr. Feinberg said he will have to approve pay for the next chief executive at Bank of America. He already pushed outgoing CEO Kenneth Lewis into giving back $1 million he received so far this year and forgoing the rest of his $1.5 million salary for 2009.

Some critics said that Mr. Feinberg was too soft on the banks and that his main accomplishment -- forcing firms to use more stock and less cash when paying employees -- didn't go far enough to rein in compensation. "We're worried that it's shifting from one form of compensation to another and still letting people get away with some pretty outrageous things," said Sarah Anderson, an executive-pay analyst with the left-leaning Institute for Policy Studies in Washington.

While the Fed didn't propose pay caps, it said it will review compensation policies at "28 large, complex banking organizations," which it didn't identify. It will be a "horizontal review" that in effect compares them to one another. The Fed also proposed that pay of traders and other employees be linked to the risks taken to achieve returns. So if two people generate $1 million in revenue each, one who took more chances could be paid less.

View Full Image
Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke testifies on Capitol Hill Oct. 1 at House Financial Services Committee hearing on financial regulators.
Associated Pres

Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke testifies on Capitol Hill Oct. 1 at House Financial Services Committee hearing on financial regulators.
Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke testifies on Capitol Hill Oct. 1 at House Financial Services Committee hearing on financial regulators.
Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke testifies on Capitol Hill Oct. 1 at House Financial Services Committee hearing on financial regulators.

Analysts noted that one surefire sign of risk -- bets that use a lot of borrowed money -- could stay out of style if the Fed uses risk-adjusted returns to assess how employees should get paid.

Morgan Stanley, Credit Suisse Group and some other Wall Street firms already have moved to overhaul pay, including shifting more of it to salary.

Some small-town bankers are resentful of the coming scrutiny by the Fed, blaming many of the foolish loans and reckless trades that led to the financial crisis on larger institutions. "We're all having to pay for the sins" of the big banks, said Rusty Cloutier, CEO of MidSouth Bancorp Inc., Lafayette, La.

Since the spring, banks have been fretting over the effect of a provision in the economic-stimulus law that restricts bonuses -- historically the lion's share of top bankers' compensation -- to a fraction of salaries. The worry has been that the combination of this provision, inserted by Sen. Christopher Dodd (D., Conn.), and coming salary curbs by Mr. Feinberg would severely depress overall compensation.
Graphic
[how pay rulings will affect the seven companies]

Click image to enlarge

Impact: How pay rulings will affect the seven companies.

At Citigroup, some executives were relieved Mr. Feinberg's demands were not tougher. While salaries will be paid more in stock than cash, their total values aren't expected to shrink in most cases, said people familiar with the matter.

Citigroup executives have been worried that severe curbs could spark an exodus of top traders and bankers. That hasn't happened. Citigroup has suffered many high-ranking defections, but those executives say their departures didn't stem from dissatisfaction with pay.

Citigroup said it is " pleased this decision has been issued and we will now work to comply with the plan's requirements."
video
Putting the Brakes on Bank Pay
1:22

Amid public outcry over compensation paid to bank chiefs, the Federal Reserve and U.S. Treasury have unveiled new rules for executive pay. WSJ's Matthew Rose says the move is an historic government intervention in the private sector.

Bank of America officials reached out to those affected by the Feinberg ruling to reassure them pay is "still very healthy," said a person familiar with the situation. But some remain concerned the firm may face trouble recruiting in its global banking and markets group, run by Thomas Montag -- who was identified by people familiar with the matter as the person with the $9.9 million pay package, one of the largest disclosed Thursday by Mr. Feinberg.
—Jon Hilsenrath, Deborah Solomon, Dan Fitzpatrick and Cari Tuna contributed to this article.

Write to Aaron Lucchetti at aaron.lucchetti@wsj.com, David Enrich at david.enrich@wsj.com and Joann S. Lublin at joann.lublin@wsj.com

Comments

Popular posts from this blog

購屋糾紛多 預售屋是申訴榜首行政院消費者保護委員會統計,房屋糾紛為去年國人所有申訴糾紛排行榜第一名,3030件糾紛案已佔所有申訴糾紛一成,其中尤以「預售屋」糾紛最為嚴重。發現六大缺失,包括:建商未提供驗收條款或未記載交屋保留款、未明確記載開工日期及取得使用執照期限、未記載地價稅、房屋稅分擔比例、未經買方同意更換主要建材及廠牌規格及交屋期限不明確、未記載建物第一次登記的稅費負擔約定,以及未記載賣方對廣告之義務而且違約金收取過高。 消保官莊惠媛指出,消費者購買預售屋基本上就像購買一個夢想,且大部分消費者必須要花掉一生積蓄才能買回一個窩,但因為預售屋不像成屋,有實體房屋可供檢視,就得預先和房屋業者訂契約先行付款,最後往往因期待有落差而陷入糾紛成為惱人之痛。 莊惠媛呼籲,民眾購屋前為了維護權益,應先瞭解內政部先前訂定的「預售屋買賣契約書範本及預售屋買賣定型化契約應記載及不得記載事項」,尤其針對預售屋挑購提出「八大提醒」,包括:一、確認並履勘預售屋位址;二、攜帶捲尺、相機參觀樣品屋;三、看建築執照影本、執照核准圖說;四、審閱契約並瞭解契約內容;五、索取並保留廣告文案;六、詳實紀錄銷售現場建材資訊;七、洞悉成交紅單、假客戶等銷售手法;八、選擇合法代銷業者,以免受騙上當。 【2009/03/16 聯合晚報】
科技擠壓 原生種子快滅絕 2009/05/15【米千因/文】《聖經‧創世紀》:上帝說:我要將所造的人和走獸並昆蟲以及空中的飛鳥都從地上消滅。 於是上帝在罪惡滿貫的人類中揀選恪守本分的義人諾亞一家,諾亞夫婦、三個兒子及其媳婦,作為新一代人類種子來保存下來。上帝告訴他們,七天之後就要實施大毀滅,而命他們造一只方舟,一間一間地造,裡外抹上松香。諾亞一家立即照辦,等方舟造好之後,上帝說了:看哪!我要使洪水在地上氾濫,毀滅天下,凡地上有血肉、有氣息的活物無一不死。我卻要與你立約,你同你的妻子、兒子、兒媳都要進入方舟。凡潔淨的畜類,你要帶七公七母;不潔淨的畜類,你要帶一公一母;空中的飛鳥也要帶七公七母。這些都可以留種,將來在地上生殖。2月17日當天,諾亞六百歲生辰,海洋裂開,巨大的水柱從地下噴射而出,大雨下不停,整整降了四十天,水無處可流,迅速上漲,淹沒了高山,最後凡是在陸地上靠肺呼吸的動物都死了,只剩下方舟上的人、動物及種子安然無恙。 目前有一群歷史學家與考古學家正在熱衷地尋找證據,來證明諾亞方舟的存在,而部分社會學家與環保人士卻將關注的眼光投向原生種子的培育與保留上。理由是工業革命以至基改科技發達的今日,原生植物種子滅絕了大半而不復得。比方,世界上原有二百多萬種食用性植物,稻米種類至少也有十二萬種之多,如今普遍種植的不到數百種。十九世紀,美洲大陸至少有七千多種不同種類的蘋果,現在則僅剩約三百種,且大都是雜交,原生種如鳳毛麟角;加上企業一手主宰的廣大單作,以及隨後而至的基改技術,雜食性的人類於是被迫成為挑食、偏食、速食的怪物。而糧食分配不均的問題不但未能因而獲得解決,甚且因企業的壟斷而更形惡化。雖有科技的介入而全球饑餓人口不減反增,糧食價格高漲不下,人類身心健康因飲食習慣的改變而為過胖、糖尿病、心臟病、憂鬱症等文明病所苦。人類以科技萬能的傲慢插手上帝的傑作導致這樣的結果,不待歷史學家及考古學家的證明,全球暖化將引發大洪水的理論或會成為事實,那麼,一個有效而力量龐大的逆轉運動若非於此時出現,人難道只能坐以待斃? 義大利人Carlo Petrini首先發難,組成了國際慢食會,且一觸即發,如洪水漫過大地地延燒成一股運動,沒幾年,慢食所講求的良好、公平、乾淨的主旨與精神傳染了全球各角落,因而衍生出林林種種反應在慢活態度的活動與主張,於是慢食之後,慢活、慢設計、慢診斷、慢建築、慢手工、...

司法部要細究微軟/Yahoo搜尋交易

為何美司法部要細究微軟/Yahoo搜尋交易? ZDNET新聞專區:2009/09/14 微軟與Yahoo的搜尋交易,不但實行之日遙遙無期,現在更可能無疾而終。 兩家公司都預期美國聯邦司法部會詳細審查微軟接手Yahoo網搜業務的交易,而兩家公司也在上週五(11日)證實,司法部已要求他們提供更多相關資訊。這代表主管機關對此案的興趣已不只是一般程序的合法性。 針對此案,司法部可能從兩個不同的面向切入。其一,當局將調查廣告主是否因失去一個廣告通路而受損,以及此後Google會否在搜尋市場缺乏改善的動力,因為少了一個最大的競爭者。 就某些方面而言,司法部的調查幾乎是一項反射動作。紐約Constantine Cannon反托辣斯律師Matthew Cantor表示,當某個市場只有三家主要公司,而其中兩家決定合作,自然會引發調查。他說:「這件交易將在一個高門檻,且原本只有三個主角的市場,消滅其中一個競爭者。」他用1960年代的美國媒體市場為例,假如當時僅有的三大電視網有其中兩家決定合併,政府絕對會採取行動。 但這件醞釀多年的交易,卻沒有趕在較不排斥企業併購和收購的前朝政府任內提出。華盛頓州Robbin Russell事務所合夥人Donald Russell指出,經過多年的放任管理,司法部對企業併購活動的興趣又逐漸升高。經濟狀況不佳已減少了企業併購活動,但歐巴馬總統主政之下的司法部,可能開始扮演更強勢的管理角色。 Cantor認為,司法部將強迫微軟和 Yahoo將Yahoo的搜尋技術資產公開標售,換取該案通過。此舉將可引進第三方到搜尋市場,僅管這個新手必須挑起吸引搜尋者的重擔:Yahoo曾表示,絕大部分Yahoo搜尋的使用者,都是透過某個Yahoo網頁進行,這兩者的結合,是網路上流量最高的網頁。然而,微軟看上的不是這部分。該公司已投入龐大的資源推出Bing搜尋引擎,他們想要的是Yahoo搜尋技術的特定面向,更別說某些才華洋溢的工程師。 有鑑於微軟和Google兩大巨人多年來在華府的遊說角力,造成Google近年的交易飽受刁難,這次也可能是Google趁機扳回一城。Google拒絕評論司法部的動作,但有以下聲明:「線上(市場)的競爭一向激烈,而我們的經驗是,競爭為使用者造就了更好的東西。我們有意進一步瞭解這件交易。」(陳智文/譯)